Impact of Circuit Intake Power on the Spectral Energy Efficiency of Massive MIMO With Channel Estimation Errors

The influence of circuit intake power on Spectral Energy Efficiency (S.E.E) of massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) under the existence of channel estimation errors is examined using Zero-Forcing (ZF) linear pre-coding scheme. The system model which includes new defined total intake power involving the transmit power of amplifiers and the circuit power intake of the analog devices is developed. To analyze the impact of circuit intake power on S.E.E, the S.E.E with and without circuit intake power is investigated and presented after formulating a closed-form expression of S.E.E that incorporates new defined power model. Our investigation reveals that, the impact of circuit intake power is very significant when Base Station (BS) is arrayed with large number of antennas. Using the new S.E.E closed-form formula, derived from our new defined power intake model, the S.E.E is evaluated when the number of BS antennas (M) rises and it is observed that, S.E.E behaves like a concave function. The same results for S.E.E are also observed when transmit power increases. We conclude that, it is easy to get maximum S.E.E using a small number of BS antennas and optimal transmit power, when circuit power intake is included in the power consumption model. When transmit power totally dominates the circuit intake power, the maximum S.E.E is obtained only when all antennas are used (meaning maximum S.E.E is obtained when the number of BS antennas becomes very large). The numerical results reveal the importance of circuit intake power on optimizing S.E.E of massive MIMO under the presence of channel estimation errors.