Organization of Chromosomes During Spermatogenesis and in Mature Sperm

One of the prominent features of male germ cell differentiation is a profound sequential, structural, and spatial reorganization of the chromosomes, which manifests in diverse events, such as chromatin remodeling, DNA recombination and repair, dynamic movements of chromosomes, and chromosome domains (centromeres and telomeres) within the nucleus. Divergent states of male germ cell chromosomes during proliferation, meiosis, and final differentiation to sperm are accompanied and supported by unprecedented in-scale changes in the chromatin protein composition.