Method of Enteral Insufficiency Syndrome Correction in Patients with Generalized Peritonitis

Introduction. Mortality in generalized peritonitis (GP) reaches 30%, and with the development of multiple organ failure, the lethal outcome is observed in 80-90% of cases. Enteral insufficiency syndrome (EIS) plays a leading role in the progression of generalized peritonitis. The aim of the study was to develop a differentiated approach of enteral insufficiency syndrome correction in patients with generalized peritonitis. Material and methods. This research was a retrospective – prospective study. The study included 50 patients with GP, who received treatment at the Surgery Department of the Samara Regional Clinical Hospital in the period from 2017 to 2019. Depending on the chosen treatment tactics, the patients were divided into two clinical groups. Group I included 29 patients, admitted in the period from 2017 to 2018, who had received the standard GP treatment. A long-term endogenous intoxication in patients of this group associated with the progressive enteric failure led to the repeated surgeries; at the same time, a high frequency of postoperative complications was preserved. The analysis of the results in patients of Group I necessitated development of the therapeutic and diagnostic algorithm aimed at early diagnostics and timely correction of EIS. Group II included 21 patients with GP, admitted in the period from 2018 to 2019, who was treated using the new algorithm. Results. The objective criteria for the relief of EIS in GP in patients of the study groups were a decrease in the level of serum albumin and C-reactive protein, a significant decrease in the amount and qualitative change in the intestinal discharge via an intestinal tube, a decrease in the recovery time of the functions of the small intestine and start of defecation. On the 6th postoperative day, in patients of Group II there was no significant albumin level reduction in comparison with the 1st day of monitoring (28.31±0.77 g/l vs 37.33±4.69 g/l). Whereas in Group I the albumin level was significantly lower (19.3±0.51 g/l) than the same parameter in Group II, and in comparison with the 1st day of monitoring (19.3±0.51 g/l vs 39.5±6.05 g/l; р = 0.00001). On the 6th postoperative day, the C-reactive protein level differed significantly between the groups as well: Group I – 104.76±13.49 mg/l, Group II - 58.00±29.05 mg/l, p = 0.003. The control of GP in patients of the Group I was reached after 4.5±2.5 repeated abdominal interventions, while in patients of Group II generalized peritonitis was arrested after 2.3±0.9 surgical interventions (p = 0.000171), which is 1.9 times less. Conclusions. The proposed algorithm of EIS control is based on the individual approach to the treatment of patients with GP. The developed EIS rating scale allows determining not only the degree and dynamics of the pathological process, but also monitoring the effectiveness of treatment options applied in a particular patient.