Thermometric Control of Phototherapeutic Procedures

2015 
Modern medicine extensively uses laser radiation as a surgical tool for operative intervention or as a tool for effective therapeutic effect on the patient’s body [1 4]. The introduction of laser technology into therapeu tic procedures started in the 1960s, a few months after the creation of ruby laser by T. H. Maiman. To date, laser radiation has been successfully used for treatment of patients in almost all areas of clinical medicine. However, many aspects of interaction of laser radiation with the body of a patient remain poorly understood and difficult to predict. From a systemic point of view, the diversity of local effects of laser or monochromatic incoherent radiation on living biological tissue can be, to a certain extent, divided into three groups: neutral, destructive, and biocorrecting. Neutral response of tissue to a local laser exposure is not due to lack of response, but mild and non specific changes taking place. This apparently prevents proper registration of the response using modern methods. Tissue destruction caused severe reactions of thermal damage to the fragment of living biological tissue locally exposed to high intensity laser radiation. Biocorrecting effect caused by the interaction of bio logical tissue with low intensity electromagnetic radia tion in the optical range is a collection of various reac tions emerging and developing not only in the structures of the tissue fragment exposed to the radiation, but also in tissues, organs, and systems of the whole organism. The goal of the effect can be diametrically opposite – from biostimulation to full suppression. Obviously, the nature of the reactive changes is determined by characteristics of the electromagnetic radiation affecting the tissue. In the planning and implementation of photothera py, the definition of dose, as a generalized quantitative measure of factors affecting the biological object and pro voking traceable morphological and physiological changes in it, primarily involves defining the minimum absorbed energy of electromagnetic radiation in the opti cal range, which interaction with tissue can cause any objectively traceable changes in the tissue. However, to date quantification of this factor remains virtually unde fined. Meanwhile, the continued supply of medical facili ties with modern laser devices and progressive develop ment and practical application of biomedical engineering technologies make quantification of estimated dose of electromagnetic radiation in the optical range and of influence of this characteristic on the therapeutic effect most urgent. With regard to evaluating the effectiveness of laser therapy, the dose of low intensity radiation needed to Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 49, No. 1, May, 2015, pp. 15 18. Translated from Meditsinskaya Tekhnika, Vol. 49, No. 1, Jan. Feb., 2015, pp. 11 13. Original article submitted May 13, 2014.
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