The Rational Design, Synthesis, and Antimicrobial Investigation of 2-Amino-4-Methylthiazole Analogues Inhibitors of GlcN-6-P Synthase

Abstract A series of novel 2-Amino-4-Methylthiazole analogs were developed via three-step reaction encompassing hydrazine-1-carboximidamide motif to combat Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial and fungal infections. Noticeably, the thiazole-carboximidamide derivatives 4a-d displayed excellent antimicrobial activity and the most efficacious analogue 4d with MIC/MBC values of 0.5 and 4 μg/mL, compared to reference drugs with very low toxicity to mammalian cells, resulting in a prominent selectivity more than 100 folds. Microscopic investigation of 4d biphenyl analogue showed cell wall lysis and promote rapid bactericidal activity though disrupting the bacterial membrane. In addition, an interesting in vitro investigation against GlcN-6-P Synthase Inhibition was done which showed potency in the nanomolar range. Meanwhile, this is the first study deploying a biomimicking strategy to design potent thiazole-carboximidamides that targeting GlcN-6-P Synthase as antimicrobial agents. Importantly, Molecular modeling simulation was done for the most active 4d analogue to study the interaction of this analogue which showed good binding propensity to glucosamine binding site which support the in vitro data.