Novel cyclophosphamide of natural products osalmide and pterostilbene induces cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common category and disease entity of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Osalmide and pterostilbene are natural products with anticancer activities via different mechanism. In this study, using a new synthetic strategy for the two natural products, we obtained the compound DCZ0801, which was previously found to have anti-multiple myeloma activity. We performed both in vitro and in vivo assays to investigate its bioactivity and explore its underlying mechanism against DLBCL cells. The results showed that DCZ0801 treatment gave rise to a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cell viability as determined by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry assay. Western blot analysis results showed that the expression of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and Bax was increased, while BCL-2 and BCL-XL levels were decreased, which suggested that DCZ0801 inhibited cell proliferation and promoted intrinsic apoptosis. In addition, DCZ0801 induced G0/G1 phase arrest by downregulating the protein expression levels of CDK4, CDK6 and cyclin D1. Furthermore, DCZ0801 exerted an anti-tumor effect by down-regulating the expressions of p-PI3K and p-AKT. There also existed a trend that the expression of p-JNK and p-P38 was restrained. Intraperitoneal injection of DCZ0801 suppressed tumor development in xenograft mouse models. The preliminary metabolic study showed that DCZ0801 displayed a rapid metabolism within 30 min. These results demonstrated that DCZ0801 may be a new potential anti-DLBCL agent in DLBCL therapy.