Билиарные стриктуры после ортотопической трансплантации печени

The literature analysis has shown that despite on the appreciable achievements in the liver transplantation, there is still high incidence of the biliary complications development in the postoperative period while treating patients with the terminal stage of liver lesion caused by cirrhosis and a series of focal diseases. The most wide spread types of biliary complications developed after orthotopic transplantations are considered the following: biliary and biliary-digestive anastomosis incompetence, their stricture as well as the non-anastomotic strictures of the biliary ducts. Among the variety of factors influencing the biliary complications development in the postoperative period are: prolonged transplant cold ischemia, blood circulation disturbance in the bile ducts, technical problems. Summarizing the literature data, risk factors of the non-anastomotic strictures can be subdivided into three main groups: ischemic, immunological and induced by salts of the bile acids. Presence of the variety of risk factors for the biliary complications development requires further investigation and working out of methods for prevention of the biliary complications development after orthotopic liver transplantations.