Results from numerical simulations to determine the performance of PV boats in an early design stage

In our paper, we present a new model for PV boats named RhinoSimSol, which is supposed to support simulation of the design of PV boats to evaluate PV boat performance in an early design stage. The model comprises various algorithms such as for solar trajectory and energy balance of PV boats to determine indicators of the PV boat’s performance in an early design stage. In order to determine these indicators, scenarios can be used which let the user chose various options, such as a sailing route, start time of sailing and time of year. In order to demonstrate the functionality of RhinoSimSol, we executed 54 simulations with various combinations of 9 PV modules and 6 batteries. The performance parameters we compared were 1) maximum average speed for a 30km trajectory, 2) autonomy of the PV system with an average speed of 12km/h and 3) the cost of the PV system components. The data which resulted from these 54 simulations were compared with monitoring data from a PV system on an existing PV boat. Furthermore, monitoring data has been compared with simulation data for a specific PV boat with a specific PV system layout. The data from our simulations show an underestimation of 10% compared with monitored data. When monitored data is compared with simulation data which used monitored speed and irradiance data, our simulation results are 25% overestimated. This suggests the following could be improved: more PV system components, such as MPPTs, and a more accurate irradiation model. Our simulation approach in Rhino shows that it can help determine and improve the performance of PV boats in an early stage of development.