Structure-activity relationship of the inhibition of M1-aminopeptidases from Escherichia coli (ePepN) and Plasmodium falciparum (PfA-M1) by bestatin-derived peptidomimetics / Relación estructura-actividad de la inhibición de aminopeptidasas M1 de Escherichia coli (ePepN) y Plasmodium falciparum (PfA-M1) por peptidomiméticos derivados de la bestatina

2019 
The enzymes ePepN and PfA-M1 are two M1 alanyl-aminopeptidases which are targets in the potential treatment of microbial infections and malaria, respectively. The classical inhibitor of M1-aminopeptidases is bestatin. The synthetic bestatin-derived peptidomimetic KBE009 was previously identified as a PfA-M1 inhibitor with in vitro antimalarial activity. The objective of this work was to test a synthetic library of 10 bestatin (KBE009)-derived peptidomimetics in the inhibition of recombinant ePepN (rePepN) and PfA-M1 (rPfA-M1), and to study the resultant structure-activity relationship. In the first place, the main kinetic characteristics of rePepN and of the inhibition of both enzymes by bestatin were assessed. The same rePepN activity at pH 7.0 and 8.0, as well as a K M = 72 µM toward the Leu-p-nitroanilide substrate were determined. A 5-min preincubation between bestatin and rePepN is enough to establish the inhibition equilibrium and bestatin is a non-competitive inhibitor of the enzyme with a K i = 2.31 µM. On the other hand, for rPfA-M1 a 15-min preincubation time is enough, the K i of bestatin is 1.29 µM and this inhibitor is competitive. Although none compound is a potent inhibitor, the structural characteristics of the bestatin (KBE009)-derived peptidomimetics that are favorable for the inhibition are: the central isopropyl and terminal 3-phenylpropyl groups in the branch (for both aminopeptidases), the central isopropyl and terminal cyclohexyl groups (for rePepN), and the central 2-furyl and terminal benzyl groups (for rPfA-M1). The compound KBE053, as representative of this series, is an uncompetitive inhibitor of rePepN with a K i = 10.13 µM. This knowledge could contribute to the design of novel ePepN and PfA-M1 inhibitors. Resumen Las enzimas ePepN y PfA-M1 son dos alanil-aminopeptidasas M1 que son blancos en el tratamiento potencial de infecciones microbianas y la malaria, respectivamente. El inhibidor clasico de las aminopeptidasas M1 es la bestatina. El peptidomimetico sintetico derivado de la bestatina KBE009 fue identificado previamente como un inhibidor de PfA-M1 con actividad antimalarica in vitro. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar una biblioteca sintetica de 10 peptidomimeticos derivados de la bestatina (KBE009) en la inhibicion de ePepN y PfA-M1 recombinantes (ePepNr y PfA-M1r), y estudiar la relacion estructura-actividad resultante. En primer lugar, se determinaron las principales caracteristicas cineticas de ePepNr y de la inhibicion de ambas enzimas por la bestatina. Se determino la misma actividad de ePepNr a pH 7,0 y 8,0, asi como una K M = 72 µM frente al sustrato Leu-p-nitroanilida. Una preincubacion de 5 min entre la bestatina y ePepNr es suficiente para establecer el equilibrio de inhibicion, y la bestatina es un inhibidor no competitivo de la enzima con una K i = 2,31 µM . Por otra parte, para PfA-M1r es suficiente un tiempo de preincubacion de 15 min, la K i de la bestatina es 1,29 µM  y este inhibidor es competitivo. Aunque ningun compuesto es un inhibidor potente, las caracteristicas estructurales de los peptidomimeticos derivados de la bestatina (KBE009) que son favorables para la inhibicion son: los grupos central isopropilo y terminal 3-fenilpropilo en la ramificacion (para ambas aminopeptidasas), los grupos central isopropilo y terminal ciclohexil (para ePepNr), y los grupos central 2-furilo y terminal bencilo (para PfA-M1r). El compuesto KBE053, como representante de esta serie, es un inhibidor incompetitivo de ePepNr con una K i = 10,13 µM . Este conocimiento pudiera contribuir al diseno de nuevos inhibidores de ePepN y PfA-M1.
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