Use of high-intensity ultrasound for production of antimicrobial and self-cleaning surfaces

Abstract In this chapter, the recent advances of application of high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) for the formation of nanostructured metal and polymer surfaces with multifunctions are discussed, including: (1) controllable cell adhesion and self-cleaning properties; (2) high-loading capacity for antimicrobial agents and their release on demand; (3) corrosion resistance and stability in aggressive media. Ultrasonically engineered interfaces have high surface area, porous morphology and high stability. The porous matrix can be loaded with antimicrobial compounds and covered by different coatings due to its high roughness. Deposition of stimuli responsive soft matter (block-copolymer micelles, polyelectrolyte multilayers, polymer brushes) supplies surfaces with stimuli responsive properties. Thus, the multifunctional surfaces are able to deactivate bacteria (antimicrobial function) and regulate their adhesion (self-cleaning).