Germinating potential of Phyllanthus amarus seeds: evaluation of biochemical parameters

Collection, authentication, optimisation of storage conditions and selection of suitable propagules for propagation and conservation are crucial in the case of wild-growing medicinal plants which have adaptive variations under different climate regimes. The present study aims to understand the factors (here, seed types and storage conditions) that influence the germination potential of wild-collected Phyllanthus amarus L. (Euphorbiaceae) using biochemical characteristics of seeds, besides taxonomical authentication of the species. The amplicons of 1150 bp in SCAR marker analysis and 6–7 ribs on seed surface shown by scanning electron micrograph confirmed that the wild-collected specimen is P. amarus. Interestingly, the mature green seeds harvested and shade-dried within 0–3 days exhibited maximum sink percentage (55.8%) and showed a significantly (p < 0.001) higher germination percentage with carbohydrate and proteins than the float seeds. However, the float seeds contained 33% less fat content than the sink seeds. Upon storage, the germinability of P. amarus seeds was found to be 12 months at 4 °C without moisture. This shows that viable seeds can be harvested and stored appropriately to ensure longevity. This study makes a case for the preservation of seasonal, short lifespan seeds such as P. amarus.