Improved lower bounds for the 2-page crossing number of Km, n and Kn via semidefinite programming

2012 
It has long been conjectured that the crossing numbers of the complete bipartite graph $K_{m,n}$ and of the complete graph $K_n$ equal $Z(m,n):=\bigl\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\bigr\rfloor \bigl\lfloor\frac{n-1}{2}\bigr\rfloor \bigl\lfloor\frac{m}{2}\bigr\rfloor \bigl\lfloor\frac{m-1}{2}\bigr\rfloor$ and $Z(n):=\frac{1}{4} \bigl\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\bigr\rfloor \bigl\lfloor\frac{n-1}{2}\bigr\rfloor \bigl\lfloor\frac{n-2}{2}\bigr\rfloor \bigl\lfloor\frac{n-3}{2}\bigr\rfloor$, respectively. In a $2$-page drawing of a graph, the vertices are drawn on a straight line (the spine), and each edge is contained in one of the half-planes of the spine. The $2$-page crossing number $\nu_2(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum number of crossings in a $2$-page drawing of $G$. Somewhat surprisingly, there are $2$-page drawings of $K_{m,n}$ (respectively, $K_n$) with exactly $Z(m,n)$ (respectively, $Z(n)$) crossings, thus yielding the conjectures (I) $\nu_2(K_{m,n}) \stackrel{?}{=} Z(m,n)$ and (II) $\nu_2(K_n) \stackrel{?}{=} Z(n)$. It...
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