Learning Personalized Binary Codes for Finger Vein Recognition

Abstract This paper aims to develop a new local binary learning feature for finger vein images called personalized binary code (PBC). Existing local learning features of the image, such as compact binary face descriptor (CBFD) and discriminant binary descriptor (DBD), ignore the structure of the binary feature corresponding to each class when learning. Inspired by the bit-consistency phenomenon of local binary pattern (LBP), we combine the constraints of within-class sparse constraints with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) criteria in the learning process to explore the bit-consistent structure of learned binary features. Specifically, a multi-directional pixel difference vector is first calculated at each pixel of the training set of finger vein images, and an objective function is designed to learn a discriminative map that projects these multi-directional pixel difference vectors into binary features. Our objective function consists of several constraints: minimizing quantization error, minimizing within-class variance of learned binary features, and maximizing the between-class variance of learned binary features, and minimizing the L2,1 norm of the learned features for each class. Next, the algorithm based on alternating direction method (ADM) is designed to solve the optimization problem. Finally, a histogram representation of each finger vein image is constructed by the bag-of-words model. In our experiments, the proposed PBC shows that the leading performance on two public databases in comparison with existing finger vein recognition methods.