Closed reduction and percutaneous annulated screw fixation in the treatment of comminuted proximal humeral fractures

BACKGROUND: Displaced proximal humeral fractures remain a challenge to orthopedic surgeons. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional and radiological outcomes of patients with comminuted proximal humeral fractures treated with closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation (CRPF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed 38 cases of displaced proximal humeral fractures (2-, 3- or 4-part fractures according to the Neer classification) that were treated using the CRPF technique from May 2009 to April 2013. From this group 26 patients were followed up for a period ranging from 9 to 24 months (averaging 12.9 months) and evaluated for the functional and radiological outcomes by a series of standard questionnaires and measurements. RESULTS: The fractures in all 26 patients were healed within an average time of 14.6 weeks (ranging from 11 to 27 weeks), and the mean interval between the operation and fully functional activity was 18.6 weeks (ranging from 15 to 32 weeks). At the final follow-up visit, no patient showed shoulder instability; the mean range of abduction motion was 146.5° (ranging from 72° to 180°). For all patients, no statistically significant difference in the functional outcomes was observed between their 6-month and final follow-up visits; or in the radiological findings between their immediate post-operative and final follow-up examinations. CONCLUSIONS: The CRPF technique is a safe and effective therapeutic option for comminuted proximal humeral fractures. Good stability is obtained and aggressive impairment of the soft tissue and periosteum around the fracture is avoided, which allows for an early painless range of motion. The technique promotes bone healing, prevents ischemic osteonecrosis of the head of the humerus and leads to few complications.