Method for preparing ferroniobium through aluminothermic reduction

The invention discloses a method for preparing ferroniobium through aluminothermic reduction. The method includes the following steps that firstly, a method in which multiple periods of smelting and gradient aluminum matching are combined is adopted for smelting, the multiple periods of smelting mean that Nb2O5 to be smelted and aluminum to be smelted are added into a tipping furnace in several batches to be smelted, after each batch is smelted, 55%-90% of lean slag is removed in a tipping manner, then the materials of the next batch are added repeatedly for continuous smelting, lean slag is removed in a tipping manner, gradient aluminum matching means that the aluminum matching proportions of all the batches are reduced in a gradient manner, the total aluminum matching amount is equivalent to 1.01-1.04 times, preferably 1.02 times, of the total reaction material proportion; and secondly, the smelted materials are poured into a die, and a ferroniobium alloy can be obtained after cooling. By means of the method, the content of niobium in the slag can be reduced while the aluminum consumption of a single furnace is reduced, and the ferroniobium smelting yield is increased.