Entropy generation of nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid flow in thermal systems: A review

Abstract This paper presents a review of the contributions on entropy generation of nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids in the different types of thermal systems for different boundary conditions and physical situations. The relevant papers are classified into three categories: entropy generation in minichannel, entropy generation macrochannel and entropy generation in cavities. The viscous dissipative, streamwise, electromagnetic effects, as well as nanoparticles concentration, the temperature and the flow regime on entropy generation, were analyzed. The reviewed literature indicates that the implementation of nanofluids/hybrid nanofluids in microchannels, minichannels, and cavities may be an important alternative to the traditional thermal systems and an interesting topic of study.