TiO2-loaded Nafion membranes: An electron microscope investigation

Abstract Small TiO 2 crystallites were synthesized in situ and loaded within a Nafion membrane in a two-compartment reaction cell. Transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry, were attempted to image directly and to characterize the TiO 2 particles, its elemental composition, structure, size and dispersion within the Nafion membrane. By means of electron diffraction, the structure was identified as mainly fine-grained polycrystalline tetragonal TiO 2 rutile type.