Pile Creep Designs for Frozen Layered Profiles

A concept of relative creep stiffness suitable for the evaluation of the long-term, uniform creep behavior of non-ice type, frozen soils is presented. This concept extends the current uniform creep theory to allow pile creep design for most commonly occurring soil types. Assessment of actual creep behavior of soil samples leads to the determination of a relative creep stiffness parameter. Equations are developed which address pile design for two-layered systems, for slurried piles and for slurried piles in two-layered systems.