Beyond Knowledge: Evaluating the Practices and Precautionary Measures towards COVID-19 among Medical Doctors in Jordan.

BACKGROUND: Health Care Workers (HCWs), including medical doctors, played a pivotal role as a first-line defense against the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to high exposure risk, HCWs are at a higher risk of contracting the disease. AIMS: This study aims to assess the level of precautionary measures, both at home and the workplace, amongst medical doctors who were on duty during the national lockdown in Jordan. METHODS: A cross-sectional study which was conducted between March 23 and May 1, 2020 utilizing a self-administered web-based questionnaire to examine a sample of medical doctors (n=270) working at different healthcare institutions in Jordan. Likert scale was used to code the data and create means and percentages. RESULTS: The most practiced on-duty precautionary measures were cleaning hands with water and disinfectant for more than 20 seconds (47.4%), followed by proper hygiene before and during meals (38.9%). The most practiced off-duty measures were taking off clothes before entering the residential place (65.9%) and prohibiting visitors (58.1%). Overall, the mean work protection percentage score was 73.8% (range: 28% - 100%), while the mean home safety percentage score was 71.3% (range: 25% to 100%). Work protection score was positively correlated with the home safety score. Female doctors were found to be more precautious at home than males. Doctors with chronic illness(es) were found to be less precautious than their healthier counterparts. Participants who isolated themselves expressed the highest level of home safety practice. Doctors who reported to smoke were found more precautious at home, and doctors who preferred to work during lockdowns were more precautious at the workplace. CONCLUSION: The level of precautionary behavior of medical doctors in Jordan was not optimal. More attention and efforts are needed to enhance adherence of doctors to precautionary guidance. Strengthening the role of infectious disease and infection control units within healthcare settings remains a necessity.