Sleep extension reduces fatigue in healthy, normally-sleeping young adults

Objective: To assess the effects of one week of sleep extension on mood, fatigue and subjective sleepiness in normal-sleeping young adults. Methods: Twenty-seven adults (age 24.4±5.4 years, 11 female) participated. At-home baseline sleep/wake patterns were recorded with wrist actigraphy for 14 days. This was followed by two nights of in-lab baseline sleep with 8 hours time in bed (TIB), then 7 nights with TIB extended to 10 hours (2100-0700 hours). Fatigue, mood, and sleepiness were assessed following the 2nd and 9th nights of in-laboratory sleep (i.e., 2 nights with 8hTIB and 7 nights with 10 hours TIB, respectively) using the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metric and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. Paired t-tests were used to compare mood, fatigue, and sleepiness ratings between conditions. Results: At-home wrist actigraphy revealed a mean nightly total sleep time (TST) of 7.53 +/- 0.88 hours of sleep per night. Mean in-lab baseline sleep duration (7.76 +/- 0.59) did not differ from at-home sleep. However, during sleep extension, mean TST was 9.36 +/- 0.37 hours per night, significantly more than during the in-lab baseline (p < .001). Following sleep extension, fatigue ratings were significantly reduced, relative to baseline (p = .03). However, sleep extension had no other significant effects on subjective ratings of mood or sleepiness. Conclusions: Sleep extension resulted in reduced fatigue in healthy, normal-sleeping young adults, although subjective sleepiness and mood were not improved. Implications include the possibility that (a) the effects of sleep extension on various aspects of mood depend upon the extent to which those aspects of mood are made salient by the study design and methodology; and (b) sleep extension may prove beneficial to fatigue-related conditions such as "burnout.