Indices Indicating Early Renal Microvascular Disease in Diabetes

Renal microvascular disease is crucial to renal disease progression. Renal microvascular disease in late stage diabetic nephropathy is associated with defective angiogenesis and fails to respond to vasodilator treatment. Recognition of early renal microvascular disease is necessary, since in this stage, the vascular homeostasis is adequately functional and responsive to vasodilator treatment. Indices that can screen early renal microvascular disease include creatinine clearance or glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow or peritubular capillary flow and fractional excretion of magnesium (FE Mg).