Fault mechanics and earthquakes

Abstract This chapter describes the processes that drive and control fault formation and evolution, with a focus on the mechanics of fracturing and faulting. The structure of this chapter allows the reader to understand the mechanics of fault evolution from an intact rock volume over initial fracture formation to the establishment of a fault that finally separates a rock volume into two individual parts. Subsequently, the reader will learn about the processes that control fault behaviour after a fault is established. The reader will gain knowledge on the structure of fault zones that represent the finite stage of fault development. Finally, based on fault behaviour and fault zone composition, rupture processes and earthquake origins are portrayed.