CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia in long-term survivors following intensive chemotherapy in childhood cancers

Background. It generally believed the effects of short intensive courses of therapy are rapidly reversible in childhood cancers, and immunologic function following years of maintenance treatment with chemotherapy usually returns to normal by 6 months or less when treatment is terminated. However, we previously demonstrated that dysregulation of immunoglobulins, especially IgD, was observed in long-term survivors following intensive chemotherapy in cancer patients. With regard to cellular immunity, investigators reported that antineoplastic chemotherapy significantly reduces the number of CD4 + T-lymphocytes, and production of newly developing CD4 + T-lymphocytes was inversely related to the patients' age. However, the incidence of CD4 + lymphocytopenia in long-term survivors of childhood cancers is not known. Procedure. Here, we report the flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood from long-term survivors who continue complete remission off chemotherapy for more than 5 years. Results. Six out of 74 long-term survivors (8.1 %), showed low CD4 + T-lymphocyte count (<300/mm 3 ). Three six patients showed continued CD4 + T-lymphocytopenia over a year. In spite of the persistent low levels of CD4 + T cells, these three patients were no susceptible to severe infections. Comment. Intriguingly, in patients with CD4 + T-lymphocytopenia there has been a tendency toward increased numbers of natural killer cells or γδ T cells that may be operating as a thymus-independent compensatory mechanism to defend the hosts.