TARC and RANTES enhance antitumor immunity induced by the GM-CSF-transduced tumor vaccine in a mouse tumor model

Introduction Transduction of the granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene into mouse tumor cells abrogates their tumorigenicity in vivo. Our previous report demonstrated that gene transduction of GM-CSF with either TARC or RANTES chemokines suppressed in vivo tumor formation. In this paper, we examined whether the addition of either recombinant TARC or RANTES proteins to irradiated GM-CSF-transduced tumor vaccine cells enhanced antitumor immunity against established mouse tumor models to examine its future clinical application.