Tough adhesives for diverse wet surfaces
2017
Adhesion to wet and dynamic surfaces, including biological tissues, is important
in many fields but has proven to be extremely challenging. Existing adhesives
are cytotoxic, adhere weakly to tissues, or cannot be used in wet environments.
We report a bioinspired design for adhesives consisting of two layers: an
adhesive surface and a dissipative matrix. The former adheres to the substrate
by electrostatic interactions, covalent bonds, and physical interpenetration.
The latter amplifies energy dissipation through hysteresis. The two layers
synergistically lead to higher adhesion energies on wet surfaces as compared
with those of existing adhesives. Adhesion occurs within minutes, independent of
blood exposure and compatible with in vivo dynamic movements. This family of
adhesives may be useful in many areas of application, including tissue
adhesives, wound dressings, and tissue repair.
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