Construction and application of an electrochemical biosensor based on an endotoxin aptamer

An electrochemical biosensor that used an aptamer as a biological element was constructed to detect endotoxin. Biolayer interferometry was used to obtain the affinity constant of an aptamer for lipopolysaccharide, which had an equilibrium dissociation constant of 22.9 nM. The amine-terminated aptamer was then assembled on a gold electrode surface using 3-mercaptopropionic acid as an intermediate linker. The modification of the gold electrode was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In the range of 0.001–1 EU/mL, the increase in electron transfer resistance of the biosensor was linear with the logarithmic value of the endotoxin concentration. The constructed biosensor exhibits sensitivity and a low limit of detection.