A Novel Electrochemical Genosensor Based on Banana and Nano-Gold Modified Electrode Using Tyrosinase Enzyme as Indicator.

The electrochemical behavior of the tyrosinase enzyme at the surface of two electrodes, carbon paste electrode (CPE) and nano-gold modified carbon paste electrode (NGCPE), has been studied by cyclic voltammetry. Tyrosinase showed one oxidation peak (around +0.85 V) and one reduction peak at + 0.40 V versus Ag\AgCl\KCl (3 M). To calculate the values of a and k(s), the effect of potential scan rate on the electrochemical properties of tyrosinase was investigated. Cyclic voltammetry and UV-vis absorption techniques were used for the study of interaction between DNA and tyrosinase. The cyclic voltammogram of tyrosinase was obtained in the presence of different types of DNA bases for the study of tyrosinase-DNA binding. The results showed that the hydrogen binding and electrostatic interactions were important interaction mode. Moreover, a variation in tyrosinase signals intensity regarding the interaction to ssDNA and dsDNA was observed. The selectivity of the biosensor was studied using noncomplementary oligonucleotides. Finally, banana modified carbon paste electrode was also prepared to investigate the interaction of banana's tyrosinase with DNA. The limit of detection for DNA probe was calculated 0.33 pM by using the oxidation signal of accumulated tyrosinase in NGCPE.