Simulation of the Two-Area Deregulated Power System using Particle Swarm Optimization

In the power system operation, the Load Frequency Control (LFC) is required for good quality reliable electric power supply. The main aim of the load frequency control is to maintain the frequency of each area and the tie-line power flow within the specified tolerance. This is achieved by adjusting the real power output of the generators for the corresponding changes in the load demand. Electric power industry is now an open market structure. This deregulated environment comprises of GENCOs, TRANSCOs and DISCOs, which are supervised by an Independent Service Operator (ISO). In this paper, the transaction between the GENCOs and DISCOs in the deregulated market structure based on the DISCO Participation Matrix (DPM) is designed and simulated. The Proportional-Integral (PI) controller is used to tune the LFC. In this tuning, an intelligent global Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used, which is a population based evolutionary algorithm. The dynamic response of the system is improved by minimizing the Integral Square Error (ISE). The response of the PSO tuned PI controller is compared with the response of the conventional PI controller for the system considered. It is found that, the response of the proposed PSO tuned PI controller is better than that of the conventional PI controller. The simulation is implemented in MATLAB-Simulink.