Nicho ecológico de Pseudophilothrips sp. (Tubulifera: Phlaeothripidae) en el sistema agroecológico del sacha inchik (Plukenetia volubilis L.) en San Martín, Perú

2015 
La promocion del cultivo nativo del sacha inchik ( Plukenetia volubilis L.) en el Peru condujo a una inadecuada tecnificacion, con serias consecuencias en la sostenibilidad del sistema agricola, debido a problemas fitosanitarios. En el periodo 2007-2009 se realizaron 202 muestreos de las poblaciones de adultos y ninfas de Pseudophilothrips sp. (Tubulifera: Phlaeothripidae), en una parcela agroecologica de sacha inchik en el Centro Urku, Tarapoto. La parcela fue dividida en 5 bloques de igual tamano, 4 perifericos y uno central. Con la ayuda de un plano de muestreo, se seleccionaron previamente al azar, 5 plantas en cada bloque: 25 en total. Se contaron los adultos y las ninfas de 10 hojas por cada estrato de la planta (inferior, medio, y superior), asi como en 10 inflorescencias y 10 frutos, tomados proporcionalmente de los tres estratos en forma aleatoria. Mediante la prueba de Chi-cuadrado, se determino la dependencia de las frecuencias registradas con respecto a 5 dimensiones del nicho ecologico al nivel trofico-estructural. La amplitud del nicho ecologico para los adultos y las ninfas del trips Bj = (SOpij 2)-1 y el valor del solapamiento de nicho Oij = (Opijpik)(O pij 2O pik 2)-½, fueron calculados. Bj adultos (0,72 ± 0,15) y Bj ninfas (0,52 ± 0,16) presentaron diferencias altamente significativas entre si ( t =12,9; 201 gl; p<0,000), donde las ninfas mostraron una mayor capacidad de agregacion intra-planta. El valor de Oij, estimado en 60,8 ± 16,9%, podria soslayar la existencia de un mayor numero de dimensiones trofico - estructurales y otro tipo de relacion intraespecifica. Tanto los valores de la amplitud del nicho ecologico para ambos estados de desarrollo, y su solapamiento, mostraron patrones complejos de variacion temporal, cuyas relaciones con los niveles poblacionales no pudieron ser explicadas satisfactoriamente por el analisis de correlacion lineal. Palabras clave: trips, amplitud del nicho ecologico, solapamiento del nicho ecologico, Plukenetia volubilis. Ecological niche of Pseudophilothrips sp. (Tubulifera: Phlaeothripidae) in the agroecological system of the sacha inchik ( Plukenetia volubilis L.) in San Martin, Peru ABSTRACT: Promotion of sacha inchik ( Plukenetia volubilis L.) cultivation has led to an inadequate agricultural technique with serious consequences on the sustainability of the agricultural system due to phytosanitary problems. During 2007-2009, a total of 202 samplings of adult and nymph populations of Pseudophilothrips sp. (Phlaeothripidae: Tubulifera) were carried out in an agroecological plot of P. volubilis L. at the Center Urku, Tarapoto. The plot was split into one central and four outlying blocks with the same area. A total of twenty five plants, five per block, were previously selected at random with the aid of a sampling plan. Adults and nymphs of the thrips on ten leaves taken from each plant stratum (lower, medium and higher) were recorded, as well as those on ten inflorescences and ten fruits proportionally taken at random from the three strata. The Chi- square test was used to determine the dependence of the recorded frequencies with regard to five dimensions of the ecological niche at the trophic-structural level. The width of the ecological niche for adults and nymphs of the thripsBj = (SOpij 2)-1 and the value of the niche overlapping Oij = (Opijpik)(O pij 2O pik 2)-½ were calculated. Bj adults (0,72 ± 0,15) and Bj nymphs (0,52 ± 0,16) showed highly significant differences between them ( t =12,9; 201 df; p<0,000); where the nymphs showed a greater capacity of intra-plant aggregation. The value of Oij, estimated in 60,8 ± 16,9%, could ignore the existence of a greater number of trophic-structural dimensions and another type of intraspecific relationships. The values of the ecological niche width for both development stages as well as their overlapping showed complex patterns of temporaryvariation, whose relationships with population levels could not be satisfactorily explained by a linear correlation analysis. Key words : thrips, amplitude of ecological, inka peanut, Plukenetia volubilis.
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