Particles emitted backward in the lab in hadron-nucleus interactions at > or approx. =1 TeV

Experimental data on nucleon-nucleus interactions, obtained in 1970--1973 by means of the big ionization calorimeter at the Aragats mountain station, are analyzed in order to confirm the existence of the ''backward current'' effect and to calculate it quantitatively at energies > or approx. =1 TeV. The cross section for the backward current is measured. A comparison is made with the accelerator data. The angular distribution of backward particles is estimated and formula are presented for determination of the multiplicity of backward particles.