Nano-pharmacokinetics: industrial transformation future outlook and conclusion

Abstract Nanomedicines have received considerable interest for the past few decades, and consequently, millions of funding for research have been allotted in this field. However, its industrial transformation still remains limited. The limitation is mostly due to various pharmacological effects produced by the interactions of nanomedicine with biological entities. Major dropout of the nanomedicine resulted at preclinical or clinical states due to unwanted, undesired interaction of nanomedicine with intended target site or interacting with altogether different targets. The interaction of nanomedicines with undesired targets results in a serious decrease in efficiency (when compared to laboratory values in the absence of biological barriers). Although laboratory developed surface functionalized biocompatible nanomedicine has shown some promise in the diagnosis and imaging of cancer, it has the disadvantage of rapid clearance by the immune system.