Economic Analysis of Marine Managed Areas in the Main Hawaiian Islands

1. Introduction 42. Methodology 52.1 Model 52.2 Boundaries 62.3 Quantification of benefits 62.4 Quantification of current trends and threats 72.5 Assessment of management approaches 73. Data 83.1 Physical data 83.2 Basic tourist estimates 93.3 Economics of visitors 94. Scenarios 114.1 Hanauma Bay 124.2 Waikiki Diamond Head 134.3 Molokini Shoal 144.4 Honolua Mokule‘ia Bay 144.5 Kahalu’u 154.6 Waiopae 165. Results 175.1 Costs 185.2 Benefits 195.3 Cost benefit analysis 246. Conclusions and recommendations 277. References 28