Autoimmune Retinopathy, Testing, and Its Controversies

The purpose of this revision is to sumarize the most important clinical features of the autoimune retinopathies (AIRs). AIRs are a group of inflammatory conditions affecting the retina characterized by progressive unexplained visual loss, abnormalities and contraction in visual fields, photoreceptor and electroretinographic dysfunction, and the presence of circulating anti-retinal antibodies. The pathogenesis of AIR remains unclear and various antiretinal antibodies have been associated to the disease. The diagnosis of AIR is based on a particular clinical presentation along with the detection of serum antiretinal antibodies. Numerous anti-inflammatory therapeutic alternatives have been described for the treatment of AIR; nevertheless, there is no consensus on treatment protocol. Because of its association with different types of malignant tumors, the early diagnosis, multi-disciplinary approach, and prompt treatment should be warranted.