Motor and non-motor symptoms of 1453 patients with Parkinson's disease: Prevalence and risks

Abstract Purpose We examined the prevalence and risk of clinical symptoms in a large number of Japanese patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) ( n  = 1453; 650 males). Methods Events were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves, logistic regression, and Cox proportional-hazards models. Results The mean age (SD) was 67.7 (10.0), age of onset was 58.0 (11.5), and disease duration was 9.7 (6.6) years. The mean modified Hoehn and Yahr stage was 2.8 (1.2). Most patients (88.9%) received levodopa (547.7 (257.6) mg/day). A large proportion (81.3%) received dopamine agonists (136.2 (140.7) mg/day). About 23.4% received pain treatment 6.9 (5.1) years after the onset; females ( p p p p p p p Conclusions Considering that very few studies have assessed numerous clinical symptoms in the same report, these data provide a useful reference for the clinical course of PD.