Climate Change with Its Impacts on Soil and Soil Microbiome Regulating Biogeochemical Nutrient Transformations

Global climate change has displayed prominent impact on the distinct nutrient transformations carried out in the soil ecosystem. Climate change intensifies seasonal variations and could even exaggerate to extreme actions. Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and potassium are the essential macronutrients essential for the survival and development of living beings. These nutrients are being cycled within the biosphere through the biogeochemical networking supported by diverse and versatile soil microbial populations. The soil environment as well as the biological reactions concerning nutrient availability occurring in soil regimes is considerably disturbed under the collective effects of climate change, biological invasions, and anthropogenic alterations of the environment. The soil microbiota are the originators and extenuators of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) represented as the chief contributors to the ongoing global warming. Environmental nutrient variability is an integral part of unavoidable disturbances. Sustainable agriculture management strategies such as no tillage, crop rotations, and soil organic amendments could not only assist in preventing nutrient loss but also encourage nutrient management making farmers and their agricultural practices smart.