Electrochemistry of single molecules and biomolecules, molecular scale nanostructures, and low-dimensional systems

Summary Electrochemistry at ultra-small scales, where even the single molecule or biomolecule can be characterized and manipulated, is on the way to a consolidated status. At the same time, molecular electrochemistry is expanding into other areas of sophisticated nano- and molecular-scale systems including molecular scale metal and semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) and other nanostructures, e.g. nanotubes, “nanoflowers” etc . The new structures offer both new electronic properties and highly confined novel charge transfer environments.