Mechanical mastication and prescribed fire in conifer–hardwood chaparral: differing responses of ectomycorrhizae and truffles

Fire-prone hardwood-conifer chaparral comprises a significant component of vegetation in seasonally dry areas where prescribed burns of standing vegetation are limited by air-quality restrictions and narrow climatic opportunities for burning. Mechanical mastication is used by land managers to reduce aerial fuels. When burned, the dry masticated slash layer may result in prolonged soil heating, particularly of the upper soil layers, which contain ectomycorrhizal roots and seasonal truffles (hypogeous fungal sporocarps). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of mechanical mastication followed by prescribed fire on ectomycorrhizae and truffles. We treated blocks with mechanical mastication only, mechanical mastication followed by prescribed fire, prescribed fire only, and no treatment. Five years after the prescribed burn, soils with ectomycorrhizal roots were sampled at the canopy dripline of Pinus attenuata and Quercus kelloggii and surveyed for truffles. Ectomycorrhizae and truffles were described by morphologyandby DNAsequencesofthe internaltranscribedspacerregion.Ectomycorrhizalcommunitiesdidnot differ among treatments. However, burning reduced the abundance and species richness of truffles in both controls and masticated vegetation. We conclude that prescribed burning of mechanically masticated slash does not harm ectomy- corrhizal communities, but does inhibit fruiting of truffles. Additional keywords: brush mastication, fuels reduction, hypogeous fungi, oak-chaparral.