Factors determining calcium intake in elderly women of Appalachia.

Background. Although it has been recommended that women aged 65 and older consume at least 1,500 mg of calcium daily, no studies are available that define the factors associated with adequate intake. Methods. We studied 184 elderly women to determine the relationship between foodstuff calcium consumption and anthropomorphic measurements and numerous life-style changes. Results. The mean foodstuff calcium consumption was 563.4 mg/day, with significantly higher intake noted in women who snacked daily, did not skip meals, drank one or more servings of milk daily, and ate yogurt daily. Dietary calcium intake was also dependent on socioeconomic status and personal attitudes toward milk. Conclusions. All elderly women in this study underachieved the recommended dietary calcium intake of 1,500 mg/day. Widescale public education to promote more positive attitudes among elderly women is crucial. The evidence from this study recommends calcium supplements with vitamin D for virtually all elderly women.