A Rare Cause of Hemoptysis in Children; Bronchial artery to Pulmonary Artery Fistula in Healthy Child

Abstract Hemoptysis is a rare, life-threatening condition in childhood defined as bleeding into the lungs due to underlying disorders or respiratory tract abnormalities. The bleeding from an arterial malformation to normal lung segments without underlying cardiovascular or pulmonary disorders is widely reported in adults but extremely rare in the pediatric age group. Bronchial artery aneurysm (BAA) is a rare vascular malformation complicated with a bronchial artery to pulmonary artery (BA PA) fistula. BAAs are life-threatening conditions because of the substantial risk of rupture that can cause massive hemoptysis. In such a case, BAA embolization (BAAE) has become essential management. We report here previously healthy child presented with massive hemoptysis due to systemic-pulmonary fistula, which was bleeding controlled by BAAE.