Potensi Diversifikasi Rosela Herbal (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) untuk Pangan dan Kesehatan
2018
Tanaman penghasil serat alami dari genus Hibiscus yang cukup populer di Indonesia adalah rosela ( Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Nilai kemanfaatan rosela sangat luas baik untuk pangan dan kesehatan, sehingga potensi diversifikasi rosela cukup besar. Tujuan penulisan review ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi kandungan fitokimia potensial tanaman rosela herbal yang memiliki efek farmakologis dan fisiologis serta beberapa diversifikasi produk makanan, minuman dan produk kesehatan. Bagian tanaman rosela herbal yang memiliki kandungan fitokimia potensial adalah daun, buah, biji, batang dan akar. Senyawa fitokimia potensial tersebut meliputi kelompok senyawa fenol, alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid, saponin, dan asam organik. Fungsi rosela herbal secara farmakologis dan fisiologis diantaranya memiliki aktivitas antibakteri, antifungal, aktivitas antiinflamasi, antidiabetes, aktivitas antioksidan, dan aktivitas antihipertensi. Diversifikasi produk rosela herbal meliputi nanokapsul ekstrak rosela, pewarna alami, pangan fungsional, obat herbal, feed additive , bahan kosmetik, minyak goreng, cat, dan bahan bakar nabati. Inovasi teknologi proses produksi dalam diversifikasi produk rosela perlu terus dilakukan untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah dan optimalisasi pemanfaatan komponen bioaktif rosela herbal. Dengan demikian diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani dan produksi rosela herbal nasional. Potential Divercification of Herbs Rosell e (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) for Food and Health Plants of the genus Hibiscus that produce natural fibers are roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). The benefit value of roselle is very wide for food and health, so the potential of roselle product diversification is quite large. The purpose of this review provides information on potential phytochemical content of herbs roselle plants that have pharmacological and physiological effects as well as some product diversification for food, drink, and health product. The plant part of herbs roselle that has potential phytochemical content is leaves, fruit, seed stem and root. These potential phytochemical compounds include groups compounds of phenol, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and organic acids. The functions of herbs roselle for pharmacological and physiological include antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory activity, antidiabetic activity, antioxidant activity, and antihypertensive activity. Products diversification of herbs roselle includes nanocapsul of roselle extract, natural dyes, functional foods, herbal medicines, feed additives, cosmetic ingredients, cooking oil, paints, and biofuels. The innovation technological of production process in the roselle product diversification needs to be continuously done to increase the added value and optimization of bioactive herb component utilization. Therefore it is expected to improve the welfare of farmers and national production of herbs roselle.
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