Borophene-based biomedical applications: Status and future challenges

Abstract Borophene is composed purely of boron atoms and arranged in a hexagonal structure with conventional covalent bonds between each boron atom. Recently, researchers have shown a burgeoning research interest in borophene, not only regarding industrial applications but also in the field of biomedicine. Here, we provide an up-to-date summary of the recent advances in borophene-based nano-medicine. We firstly introduce the structural, mechanical, electrical, optical, thermal conductivity, biocompatibility, toxicity, photothermal and photodynamic effects of borophene. Subsequently, we fully discuss the differences between borophene, MXenes and graphene synthesized using traditional methods. Finally, we review the emerging use of borophenes as biosensors and therapeutics. We used strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats (SWOT) analysis to assess both the current and future marketing potential of 2D based nanomaterials in cancer therapeutics. Current challenges and future perspectives for the use of borophene are additionally discussed.