Reversible Data Hiding Based on Adaptive Multiple Histograms Modification

Pixel value ordering prediction has been verified as an effective mechanism to exploit image redundancy for reversible data hiding (RDH) and numerous extensions have bee devised. However, their performance is still unsatisfactory since the error modification is generally fixed and independent of image content. In this paper, a new RDH scheme is proposed by incorporating pixel distance to realize adaptive multiple histograms modification (AMHM). During exploiting the correlation between the largest/smallest pixel and any other one in the scope of pixel block, we propose to process every two correlated pixels successively following the ascending order of their distance. Specifically, the generated errors with a given distance are collected and verified. If they are all shiftable errors, the follow-up errors would be collected into the next sub-histogram. In this way, a histogram sequence is adaptively generated such that different modification mechanisms can be taken for different sub-histograms to achieve adaptive embedding. Finally, AMHM for conventional prediction-error expansion (PEE) and AMHM for 2D PEE have been both realized in this paper. Experimental results show that AMHM is of great significance to better exploit pixel correlation and the proposed scheme outperforms a series of the latest schemes.