SPATIAL BEHAVIOR IN TRANSPORTATION MODELING AND PLANNING. IN: TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PLANNING. METHODS AND APPLICATIONS

The demand for transportation services is a derived demand based on peoples' needs to perform daily and other episodic activities. There have been 2 dominant approaches to investigating this derived demand: 1) studies focused on spatial behavior of people; and 2) an examination of the decisionmaking and choice processes that result in spatially manifest behaviors. While structural models are built on assumptions such as utility maximization, complete knowledge, optimality, and lack of individual differences among the population, behavioral models have been built on assumptions of satisficing principles, nonoptimal behavior, constrained utility maximization, and individual differences across populations. Structural models represent, as a rule, the aggregate movement activities of populations, while behavioral models are disaggregated representations of behaviors of individuals or households. This chapter reviews research on disaggregate spatial behavior as the source of information about behavioral travel choice models.