Management of long ureteral stenosis: Alternatives to indwelling ureteral stents.

Summary Objectif Evaluate kidney autotransplantation (KAT) and ileal ureter substitution (IUS) practice and outcome as alternatives to indwelling ureteral stents for the management of long ureteral stenosis (US). Material We included all patients treated for US with KAT or IUS in 5 French university urology centers between 2010 and 2018. We excluded US due to urothelial carcinoma. Primary endpoint was the preservation of ipsilateral kidney and renal function without any urinary diversion. Results 22 patients were treated with KAT (n = 8, 36.4%) and IUS (n = 14, 63.6%). Mean US length was 4.6 cm and 6 cm (P = 0.52) in KAT and IUS groups respectively. US etiologies were lithiasis, iatrogenic, retroperitoneal fibrosis or extrinsic compression. US level was varied. The surgery was described as difficult because of peritoneal adhesions or major peri-ureteral fibrosis. Mean operating time and hospital stay were 336 and 346 minutes (P = 0.87) and 8 and 15 days respectively (P = 0.001). Postoperative complications were mostly Clavien ≤ 2 (n = 17, 77.3%). Revision surgery was required in the KAT group in 3 cases (37.5%), for textiles, renal vein thrombosis and anastomotic leak, none in the IUS group. The mean follow-up was 15.7 months. All but one (in the KAT group) ipsilateral kidneys were preserved, without renal function impairment (Δcreat +2.1 vs. +2.4 μmol/l respectively, P = 0.67), nor urinary diversion. Conclusion KAT and IUS are safe alternatives whose indication depends on surgeons expertise. Our study pointed out the scarcity of this practice suggesting the need to refer patients to expert centers. Level of evidence 3.