Making a case for using gammadelta T cells against SARS-CoV-2

Intensive worldwide efforts are underway to determine both the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the immune responses in COVID-19 patients in order to develop effective therapeutics and vaccines One type of cell that may contribute to these immune responses is the gammadelta T lymphocyte, which plays a key role in immunosurveillance of the mucosal and epithelial barriers by rapidly responding to pathogens Although found in low numbers in blood, gammadelta T cells consist the majority of tissue-resident T cells and participate in the front line of the host immune defense Previous studies have demonstrated the critical protective role of gammadelta T cells in immune responses to other respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-1 However, no studies have profoundly investigated these cells in COVID-19 patients to date gammadelta T cells can be safely expanded invivo using existing inexpensive FDA-approved drugs such as bisphosphonate, in order to test its protective immune response to SARS-CoV-2 To support this line of research, we review insights gained from previous coronavirus research, along with recent findings, discussing the potential role of gammadelta T cells in controlling SARS-CoV-2 We conclude by proposing several strategies to enhance gammadelta T cell's antiviral function, which may be used in developing therapies for COVID-19