Top studies relevant to primary care from 2018: From PEER

Abstract Objective To summarize high-quality studies for 10 topics from 2018 that have strong relevance to primary care practice. Quality of evidence Study selection involved routine literature surveillance by a group of primary care health professionals. This included screening abstracts of important journals and Evidence Alerts, as well as searching ACP Journal Club . Main message Topics of the 2018 articles include whether low-dose acetylsalicylic acid improves health outcomes like cardiovascular disease (CVD); whether a low-carbohydrate diet is better than a low-fat diet for weight loss (and whether genetics matter); whether vaginal estradiol is superior to placebo for vulvovaginal symptoms of menopause; whether opioid management is better than nonopioid management for chronic back or osteoarthritis pain; whether additional water intake will decrease recurrent urinary tract infections; whether omega-3 fatty acids prevent CVD or reduce dry eyes; whether the new drug icosapent improves CVD; whether bath additives help eczema; whether acetaminophen can prevent recurrent febrile seizures; and recommendations for glycemic targets in diabetes based on reviews of evidence and other guidelines. Five “runner-up” studies are also briefly reviewed. Conclusion Research from 2018 produced several high-quality studies in CVD but also spanned the breadth of primary care including pediatrics, women’s health, and pain management, among other areas.