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Protein Oxidation in Toxicology

2015 
Protein oxidation occurs when endogenous or exogenous generation of reactive oxygen species outweighs the defense mechanisms against them, a state defined as oxidative stress. A variety of consequences result from oxidative damage of proteins. For example, key proteins of metabolism and signal transduction may be impaired either by direct damage of their active sites or by partial unfolding. Many oxidative protein modifications are irreversible, so the degradation of oxidized protein is often the only protection against accumulation of damaged proteins. However, increased protein oxidation and oxidation-dependent impairment of proteolytic systems lead to accumulation of oxidized proteins and formation of non-degradable protein aggregates. As a result, the cell homeostasis cannot be maintained and cellular metabolism is negatively affected, in some cases up to cell death.
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