Biochemical and Proteomics Analysis of the Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria in Stress Conditions

Among the emerging environmental threats of the twentieth century, the effect of biotic and abiotic stress on agricultural soils has been considered as one of the most alarming threats in both developed and developing countries. Among them, salt stress is a major problem, and cost associated with the salt salinity is potentially enormous affecting agriculture, food quality, safety, biodiversity, and environments. Several bacteria present in rhizosphere have great potential in improving crop production. Among these bacteria, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are the most important. PGPR are able to provide the plant with essential elements, ammonia, growth hormone, and hydrolytic enzymes helping against plant pathogens in salinity and improving soil fertility. The present review aims to establish the conception of the rhizospheric bacteria and to elucidate the mechanisms of rhizobacteria-mediated plant growth promotion. Recent tools available to analyze gene expression and metabolites under the larger umbrella of the genomics and proteomics will also be discussed.