Radiographic Evaluation of the Upper Cervical Spine

Abstract This chapter discusses the evaluation of the upper cervical spine with the use of plain radiographs. It starts by presenting a broad overview of the pertinent anatomy of the upper cervical spine and the utility of the radiographic evaluation of this anatomy. Next, important pathological findings and their evaluation are presented. These include, but are not limited to, occipital condyle fractures, craniocervical dissociation, and injuries involving the atlas and axis. Throughout this chapter, various radiographic parameters are discussed and shown using diagrams and actual patient cervical spine radiographs. These parameters are further discussed to delve into their applications and limitations. This chapter will aid the reader in evaluating the upper cervical spine using radiographs; however, other imaging modalities and treatments are beyond the scope of this chapter.