Влияние избыточной массы тела и дислипидемии как факторов риска развития атеросклероза у пациентов лечебно-профилактических учереждений Приволжского федерального округа

Background. The purpose of the article is to determine the significance of certain risk factors in different groups of patients with the atherosclerotic process. In the world today the mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases conditioned by atherosclerosis remains high. In Russia this figure significantly exceeds the European total. Materials and methods. The authors surveyed 494 men with different localization of atherosclerosis at the age from 50 to 60 years. All the individuals participating in the study were subject to measurement of height, weight, biochemical analysis of blood for the presence of cholesterol. The researchers determined such indicators as overweight (Quetelet index), dyslipidemia, atherogenic index. Statistical data processing was performed according to the recommendations by Rebrova O.Y (2002) using the STATISTICA 6 computer program. Results. Cardiovascular risk factors are primarily associated with the presence of overweight and dyslipidemia. The authors revealed a statistically trustworthy fact that the excessive body weight and cholesterol level does not always affect the development of obliterating atherosclerosis of the lower limbs. Patients with coronary lesions had significant excessive BMI compared to patients with cerebral, peripheral and multifocal atherosclerosis. In addition, biochemical analysis of blood in patients with multifocal atherosclerotic lesion showed a greater percentage of cases of normal cholesterol level. Hypercholesterolemia in "coronary" and "cerebral" patients is comparable, but it is higher than in patients with peripheral and multifocal lesions of arteries. Normal levels of atherogenic index in patients with peripheral and multifocal lesions of arteries exceeded the data of "coronary patients" and patients with lower limb atherosclerosis. Conclusions. The prerequisites for the development of atherosclerosis are smoking, hypertension, higher BMI, dyslipidemia, hypercholesteremia. There are significant differences in all groups and all the compared indicators.